last

英 [lɑːst]

美 [læst]

det.  最后的; 最末的; 末尾的; 最近的; 上一个的; 仅剩下的; 最终的
adv.  最后; 最终; 终结; 最新; 最近; 上一次
n.  最后来的人(或发生的事); 仅剩下的部分(或事项)
v.  持续; 继续; 延续; 继续存在; 持续起作用; 持久; (在困境等中)坚持下去; 超越(困境等)
n.  鞋楦

过去式：lasted　第三人称单数：lasts　现在分词：lasting　过去分词：lasted　

高考CET4考研

Oxford 3000 / Collins.2 / BNC.119 / COCA.130

同义词辨析

finaleventuallast【导航词义：最后的】

persistcontinueendurelast【导航词义：持续】

习惯用语

det.

be on your/its last legs
• 濒临死亡；奄奄一息；行将就木；快不能用了
  to be going to die or stop functioning very soon; to be very weak or in bad condition
the day, week, month, etc. before last
• 前天；上上星期；上上月；两天（或两周等）以前
  the day, week, etc. just before the most recent one; two days, weeks, etc. ago
• I haven't seen him since the summer before last.
  我已有两个夏天没见过他了。
every last…
• （某群体中的）每一个，全部
  every person or thing in a group
• We spent every last penny we had on the house.
  我们把所有的钱都花在房子上了。
have the last laugh
• （在本未指望时）笑在最后，取得最后胜利
  to be successful when you were not expected to be, making your opponents look stupid
in the last resort
• 作为最后的一招
  when there are no other possible courses of action
• In the last resort we can always walk home.
  顶多我们走回家就是了。
your/the last gasp
• 奄奄一息；苟延残喘；临终；垂死
  the point at which you/sth can no longer continue living, fighting, existing, etc.
the last minute/moment
• （重大事情前的）最后一刻，紧要关头
  the latest possible time before an important event
• They changed the plans at the last minute.
  事到临头他们却改变了计划。
• Don't leave your decision to the last moment.
  别等到最后一刻才来作决定。
a/your last resort
• 最后可依赖的人（或事物）
  the person or thing you rely on when everything else has failed
• I've tried everyone else and now you're my last resort.
  其他人我都试过了，现在就靠你了。
the last word (in sth)
• 最新（或时髦、先进等）的事物
  the most recent, fashionable, advanced, etc. thing
• These apartments are the last word in luxury.
  这些房间最为豪华。
in the final/last analysis
• 归根结底；总之
  used to say what is most important after everything has been discussed, or considered
• In the final analysis, it's a matter of personal choice.
  归根结底，这是个人的选择。
his/her last/dying breath
• 最后一口气；临终；临死
  the last moment of a person's life
famous last words
• 吹牛，胡扯（表示某人盲目乐观）
  people sometimes say Famous last words! when they think sb is being too confident about sth that is going to happen
• ‘Everything's under control.’ ‘Famous last words!’
  “一切都在掌握之中。”“净吹牛！”
at long last
• 最后；终于
  after a long time
• At long last his prayers had been answered.
  他的祷告终于应验了。
to a manto the last man
• 一致；毫无例外
  used to emphasize that sth is true of all the people being described
• They answered ‘Yes,’ to a man.
  他们异口同声地回答：“是。”
• They were all destroyed, to the last man.
  他们无一例外全部被歼。
the last/final strawthe straw that breaks the camel's back
• 压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草；终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事（或因素等）
  the last in a series of bad events, etc. that makes it impossible for you to accept a situation any longer
first/last thing
• 一早 / 晚上最后（要做的事）
  early in the morning/late in the evening
• I need the report on my desk first thing Monday morning.
  星期一一早这个报告就得放在我的办公桌上。
a week yesterday, last Monday, etc.
• 一个星期前的昨天（或星期一等）
  seven days before the day that you mention
• She started work a week yesterday.
  她在一个星期前的昨天就开始工作了。

adv.

last but not least
• （提及最后的人或事物时说）最后但同样重要的
  used when mentioning the last person or thing of a group, in order to say that they are not less important than the others
• Last but not least, I'd like to thank all the catering staff.
  最后但同样重要的是，我要感谢所有的餐饮工作人员。
last in, first out
• （形容裁员等情况）最后雇用的人最先被解雇，后来者先走
  used, for example in a situation when people are losing their jobs, to say that the last people to be employed will be the first to go
first and last
• 从各方面看；完全地
  in every way that is important; completely
• She regarded herself, first and last, as a musician.
  她认为她自己是一个不折不扣的音乐家。
he who laughs last laughs longest
• 别高兴得太早
  used to tell sb not to be too proud of their present success; in the end another person may be more successful

n.

at (long) last
• （经过长时间的延误或努力等之后）终于，最终
  after much delay, effort, etc.; in the end
• At last we're home!
  我们终于到家了！
• At long last the cheque arrived.
  支票终于到了。
hear/see the last of sb/sth
• 最后一次听见（或看见）
  to hear/see sb/sth for the last time
• That was the last I ever saw of her.
  那是我最后一次见到她。
• Unfortunately, I don't think we've heard the last of this affair.
  遗憾的是，我认为这件事还没有了结。
the last I heard
• （提供最新消息时说）我听到的最新消息
  used to give the most recent news you have about sb/sth
• The last I heard he was still working at the garage.
  我听到的最新消息是他还在汽车修理厂工作。
next/second to last
• 倒数第二
  the one before the last one
• She finished second to last.
  她得了倒数第二。
to/till the last
• 直到最后一刻；（尤指）直至死亡
  until the last possible moment, especially until death
• He died protesting his innocence to the last.
  他至死都坚决辩称自己无罪。
breathe your last
• 气绝（身亡）；断气
  to die
from first to last
• 从头至尾；自始至终
  from beginning to end; during the whole time
• It's a fine performance that commands attention from first to last.
  这是个精彩的演出，自始至终都扣人心弦。

牛津词典

det.

• 最后的；最末的；末尾的
  happening or coming after all other similar things or people
  1. We caught the last bus home.
     我们赶上了回家的末班公共汽车。
  2. It's the last house on the left.
     是左边尽头那栋房子。
  3. She was last to arrive.
     她是最后到的。
• 最近的；上一个的
  most recent
  1. last night/Tuesday/month/summer/year
     昨晚；上个星期二 / 月；刚过去的夏季；去年
  2. her last book
     她最近出版的书
  3. This last point is crucial.
     刚讲的这一点是关键的。
  4. The last time I saw him was in May.
     我上次见到他是在五月份。
• 仅剩下的；最终的
  only remaining
  1. This is our last bottle of water.
     这是我们最后的一瓶水了。
  2. He knew this was his last hope of winning.
     他知道这是他获胜的最后机会。
• （强调）最不可能的，最不适当的
  used to emphasize that sb/sth is the least likely or suitable
  1. The last thing she needed was more work.
     她最不需要的就是更多的工作。
  2. He's the last person I'd trust with a secret.
     我要是有什么秘密，告诉谁也不能告诉他。

adv.

• 最后；最终；终结
  after anyone or anything else; at the end
  1. He came last in the race.
     这次赛跑他得了最后一名。
  2. They arrived last of all.
     他们来得比谁都晚。
• 最新；最近；上一次
  most recently
  1. When did you see him last?
     你最近什么时候见过他？
  2. I saw him last/I last saw him in New York two years ago.
     我上一次是两年前在纽约见到他的。
  3. They last won the cup in 2002.
     他们上一次获得奖杯是在2002年。

noun

• 最后来的人（或发生的事）
  the person or thing that comes or happens after all other similar people or things
  1. Sorry I'm late─am I the last?
     对不起，我来晚了，我是最后到的人吗？
  2. They were the last to arrive.
     他们是最后到达的人。
• 仅剩下的部分（或事项）
  the only remaining part or items of sth
  1. These are the last of our apples.
     这是我们最后剩下的几个苹果。

verb

• 持续；继续；延续
  to continue for a particular period of time
  1. The meeting only lasted (for) a few minutes.
     会议只开了几分钟。
  2. Each game lasts about an hour.
     每场比赛约一小时。
  3. How long does the play last?
     那出戏要演多长时间？
• 继续存在；持续起作用；持久
  to continue to exist or to function well
  1. This weather won't last.
     这种天气持续不了多久。
  2. He's making a big effort now, and I hope it lasts.
     现在他正加紧努力，我希望他能坚持下去。
  3. These shoes should last you till next year.
     你这双鞋应该能穿到明年。
• （在困境等中）坚持下去；超越（困境等）
  to survive sth or manage to stay in the same situation, despite difficulties
  1. She won't last long in that job.
     她那份工作干不了多久。
  2. Can you last (out) until I can get help?
     你能支撑到有人来帮我吗？
  3. Doctors say that she probably won't last out the night (= she will probably die before the morning) .
     医生都说她很可能活不过今晚。
  4. He was injured early on and didn't last the match.
     他开赛后不久就受了伤，没法坚持到底。
• 够用，足够维持（尤指某段时间）
  to be enough for sb to use, especially for a particular period of time
  1. Will the coffee last out till next week?
     咖啡够喝到下周吗？
  2. We've got enough food to last us (for) three days.
     我们的食物足够维持三天。

柯林斯词典

• DET （表示最近过去的）刚过去的星期五/昨晚/去年
  You uselastin expressions such aslast Friday,last night, andlast yearto refer, for example, to the most recent Friday, night, or year.
  1. I got married last July...
     我在刚过去的7月里结了婚。
  2. He never made it home at all last night...
     他昨晚根本没回家。
  3. Last month a shopkeeper's nephew was shot dead...
     上个月一名店主的侄子被枪杀了。
  4. It is not surprising they did so badly in last year's elections.
     他们在去年选举中如此糟糕的表现并不奇怪。
• ADJ 最近的；最近一次的
  Thelastevent, person, thing, or period of time is the most recent one.
  1. Much has changed since my last visit...
     从我上次去到现在，很多事情已经变了。
  2. At the last count inflation was 10.9 per cent...
     最近一次统计显示通胀率为10.9%。
  3. I split up with my last boyfriend three years ago...
     我3年前和前任男友分的手。
  4. The last few weeks have been hectic.
     过去几周一直忙得不可开交。
  5. Lastis also a pronoun.
     
  6. The next tide, it was announced, would be even higher than the last.
     据报下一次潮水甚至会比上一次涨得更高。
• ADV 上次；最近一次
  If somethinglasthappened on a particular occasion, that is the most recent occasion on which it happened.
  1. When were you there last?...
     你上次去是什么时候？
  2. The house is a little more dilapidated than when I last saw it...
     那房子比我上次见到时更破旧了些。
  3. Hunting on the trust's 625,000 acres was last debated two years ago.
     有关在该托管机构管理的62.5万英亩土地上狩猎一事，最近一次辩论是两年前。
• ORD 最后的；最末的
  Thelastthing, person, event, or period of time is the one that happens or comes after all the others of the same kind.
  1. This is his last chance as prime minister.
     这是他作为首相的最后机会。
  2. ...the last three pages of the chapter...
     该章最后3页
  3. She said it was the very last house on the road...
     她说就是路边最后那间屋子。
  4. They didn't come last in their league.
     他们没有在联赛中垫底。
  5. Lastis also a pronoun.
     
  6. It wasn't the first time that this particular difference had divided them and it wouldn't be the last...
     他们因此事产生分歧不是第一次，也不会是最后一次。
  7. The trickiest bits are the last on the list.
     最棘手的部分列在最后。
• ADV 最后地；最末地
  If you do somethinglast, you do it after everyone else does, or after you do everything else.
  1. I testified last...
     我最后一个作证。
  2. I was always picked last for the football team at school...
     在学校里分队踢足球时，我总是最后被挑的那一个。
  3. The foreground, nearest the viewer, is painted last.
     距离观者最近的前景是最后才画的。
• PRON 最后的人
  If you arethe last todo or know something, everyone else does or knows it before you.
  1. She was the last to go to bed...
     她最后一个上床。
  2. Riccardo and I are always the last to know what's going on.
     我和里卡尔多总是最后才知道发生什么事情。
• ADJ 最后剩下的；最末的
  Lastis used to refer to the only thing, person, or part of something that remains.
  1. Jed nodded, finishing off the last piece of pizza.
     杰德点点头，把最后一块比萨饼吃完。
  2. ...the freeing of the last hostage.
     最后一名人质的获释
  3. Lastis also a noun.
     
  4. He finished off the last of the wine...
     他喝完了最后一点酒。
  5. The last of the ten inmates gave themselves up after twenty eight hours on the roof of the prison.
     在监狱屋顶上坚持了28小时后，10名囚犯中的最后几个终于投降。
• ADJ （竞赛中）最后留下的，排位在前的
  You uselastbefore numbers to refer to a position that someone has reached in a competition after other competitors have been knocked out.
  1. Sampras reached the last four at Wimbledon.
     桑普拉斯杀入了温布尔登四强。
  2. ...the only woman among the authors making it through to the last six.
     进入最后6人名单的唯一一位女作家
• ADJ 最不想要的；最不可能的
  You can uselastto indicate that something is extremely undesirable or unlikely.
  1. The last thing I wanted to do was teach...
     我最不想干的事情就是教书。
  2. He would be the last person who would do such a thing.
     他最不可能干这种事情。
  3. Lastis also a pronoun.
     
  4. I would be the last to say that science has explained everything.
     我绝对不认为科学已经解释了所有事情。
• PRON 最后一次；最末一次
  The lastyou see of someone orthe lastyou hear of them is the final time that you see them or talk to them.
  1. She disappeared shouting, 'To the river, to the river!' And that was the last we saw of her...
     她高喊着“往河里去，往河里去！”然后就消失了。那是我们最后一次看到她的情形。
  2. I had a feeling it would be the last I heard of him.
     我有一种感觉，这将是我最后一次听到他的消息。
• VERB 持续，延续，维持（一段时间）
  If an event, situation, or problemlastsfor a particular length of time, it continues to exist or happen for that length of time.
  1. The marriage had lasted for less than two years...
     这段婚姻维持了不到两年。
  2. The games lasted only half the normal time...
     比赛只持续了通常时间的一半。
  3. Enjoy it because it won't last.
     尽情享受吧，因为这不会长久。
• VERB 够用，保持可用状态（一段时间）
  If somethinglastsfor a particular length of time, it continues to be able to be used for that time, for example because there is some of it left or because it is in good enough condition.
  1. You only need a very small blob of glue, so one tube lasts for ages...
     每次只需一点点胶水而已，因此一管可以用很长时间。
  2. The repaired sail lasted less than 24 hours...
     修好的帆支撑了不到24小时。
  3. The implication is that this battery lasts twice as long as other batteries...
     言外之意是，这种电池的寿命是其他品牌电池的两倍。
  4. If you build more plastics into cars, the car lasts longer.
     如果汽车采用更多塑料元件，寿命会更长一些。
• VERB 支持完；熬过；拖过
  You can uselastin expressions such aslast the game,last the course, andlast the week, to indicate that someone manages to take part in an event or situation right to the end, especially when this is very difficult for them.
  1. They wouldn't have lasted the full game...
     他们本不可能撑完整场比赛的。
  2. I almost lasted the two weeks. I only had a couple of days to do.
     我几乎撑过了这两个星期。我只有几天时间去做。
  3. Tolast outmeans the same as tolast.
     last out同last
  4. It'll be a miracle if the band lasts out the tour...
     如果乐队能撑完巡演，那将是个奇迹。
  5. A breakfast will be served to those who last out till dawn!
     坚持到天亮的能吃上早餐！
• See also:lasting

Note that you do not useafter allif you want to talk about what happens at the end of a long period, instead you useat last,finally,in the end,lastly, orlast of all. You useat lastorfinallywhen you have been waiting for or expecting something for a long time.At lastusually comes at the end of a sentence.The storm that had threatened came at last.Finallyusually comes at the beginning of a sentence or before a verb.After another search they finally located the house.You also usefinallyto talk about something that is the last in a series of things.He lived in Turkey, France, Norway, and finally Mexico.You usein the endwhen talking about something that happens after a long time or a long process.Perhaps the police got him in the end... In the end, Peter seemed quite happy.You uselastlyto talk about the last of a series of people or things.I went through the bathroom, the bedroom, and lastly the sitting room.You uselast of allto emphasize that there is nobody or nothing else after the person or thing you mention.Last of all came the cat.
注意，谈论很长一段时间之后最终发生的事，不用after all，而用at last，finally，in the end，lastly或last of all。表示经历了长久的等待或期待时，用at last或finally，at last通常置于句末，例如，The storm that had threatened came at last（酝酿已久的暴风雨终于来了）。finally则通常置于句首或动词之前：After another search they finally located the house（又搜寻了一番后，他们终于找到了那幢房子）。finally亦用于谈论一连串事情的最后一件：He lived in Turkey, France, Norway, and finally Mexico（他曾在土耳其、法国和挪威生活过，最后来到了墨西哥）。表示某事经历了较长的时间或过程后发生，则用 in the end, 例如，Perhaps the police got him in the end（也许警方最终抓到了他），In the end, Peter seemed quite happy（最后，彼得似乎很开心）。lastly用于谈论一连串人或事物的最后一个或一件：I went through the bathroom, the bedroom, and lastly the sitting room（浴室、卧室最后连客厅我都找遍了）。last of all 则用来强调在提到的人或事物之后再无他人或其他事物，例如，Last of all came the cat（最后出场的是猫）。

• PHRASE 终于；最后；到底
  If you say that something has happenedat lastorat long lastyou mean it has happened after you have been hoping for it for a long time.
  1. I'm so glad that we've found you at last!...
     我们终于找到你了，我真是太高兴了！
  2. Here, at long last, was the moment he had waited for...
     他等待已久的时刻终于到来。
  3. At last the train arrived in the station...
     火车终于到站了。
  4. 'All right', he said at last. 'You may go.'
     “好吧”，他终于开口道，“你可以走了。”
• PHRASE 前天晚上／ 上上次选举／上上任领导人
  You use expressions such asthe night before last,the election before lastandthe leader before lastto refer to the period of time, event, or person that came immediately before the most recent one in a series.
  1. It was the dog he'd heard the night before last...
     他前晚听到的是狗叫声。
  2. In the budget before last a tax penalty on the mobile phone was introduced.
     上上次的预算案中对移动电话引入了惩罚性税收。
• 气绝；断气；咽气
  If someonebreathestheirlast, they die.
• PHRASE 倒数第二／倒数第三／ 倒数第四
  You can use phrases such as thelast but one, thelast but two, or thelast but three, to refer to the thing or person that is, for example, one, two, or three before the final person or thing in a group or series.
  1. It's the last but one day in the athletics programme...
     那是田径比赛结束的前一天。
  2. The British team finished last but one.
     英国队位列倒数第二。
• PHRASE 所有；全部
  You useevery lastto emphasize that you are talking about all the people or things in a group or all the parts of something.
  1. I'd spent all I had, every last penny...
     我把钱全部花光了，一分不剩。
  2. You'll never quite get rid of every last bit of grit...
     无法把所有的沙砾都清除干净。
  3. My tape recorder did not catch every last word.
     我的录音机并没有把每一个字都录下来。
• PHRASE （需要裁员时首先解雇新员工的）“后进先出”原则
  The expressionlast in, first outis used to say that the last person who started work in an organization should be the first person to leave it, if fewer people are needed.
  1. Workers will go on a 'last in, first out' basis.
     对工人的裁员原则是“后进先出”。
• PHRASE 我/她最近一次听到有关…的消息；最新消息
  You can use expressions such asthe last I heardandthe last she heardto introduce a piece of information that is the most recent that you have on a particular subject.
  1. The last I heard, Joe and Irene were still happily married.
     我最近一次听说时，乔和艾琳仍然是一对快乐的夫妻。
• PHRASE 把…留到最后
  If youleavesomething or someoneuntil last, you delay using, choosing, or dealing with them until you have used, chosen, or dealt with all the others.
  1. I have left my best wine until last...
     我把最好的酒留到了最后。
  2. I picked first all the people who usually were left till last.
     我先挑出了所有通常留到最后的人。
• PHRASE 不再见到某人
  If yousee the last of someone, you do not expect to see them or deal with them again.
  1. I honestly thought I'd seen the last of you.
     老实说我以为再也不用见到你了。
• PHRASE 贯穿（全书、整部电影或整件事情）
  If you say that something goes on happeningto the last, you mean that it happens throughout the whole of a book, film, or event.
  1. ...a highly readable political thriller with plenty of twists of plot to keep you guessing to the last.
     一部可读性极强的政治惊悚小说，情节峰回路转，不到最后一刻绝对猜不中结局
• PHRASE 一直，始终（为某一类人）
  If you say that someone is a particular kind of personto the last, you are emphasizing that they continue to be that kind of person.
  1. A gentleman to the last, he did not run, but merely attempted to stroll away...
     他始终保持绅士风度，没有拔脚就跑，只是试图移步走开。
  2. Armstrong was tall and handsome to the last.
     阿姆斯特朗从来都是这么高大、英俊。
• PHRASE （表示全部包括在内）任何一丝细节/ 每一个人
  You use expressions such asto the last detailandto the last manto indicate that a plan, situation, or activity includes every single person, thing, or part involved.
  1. Every movement, no matter how casual and spontaneous, needs to be worked out to the last detail...
     对每一个动作，无论它显得多么随意和无意识，都不能放过一丝细节。
  2. Our troops are being used up to the last man.
     我们的部队已人尽其用。
• last breath→ see:breath

英英释义

noun

• a person's dying act
  1. he breathed his last
• holding device shaped like a human foot that is used to fashion or repair shoes
  Synonym:shoemaker's lastcobbler's last
• the concluding parts of an event or occurrence
  1. the end was exciting
  2. I had to miss the last of the movie
  Synonym:endfinal stage
• a unit of capacity for grain equal to 80 bushels
• a unit of weight equal to 4,000 pounds
• the last or lowest in an ordering or series
  1. he was the last to leave
  2. he finished an inglorious last
• the time at which life ends
  1. she stayed until his death
  2. a struggle to the last
  Synonym:death
• the temporal end
  1. the stopping point of each round was signaled by a bell
  2. the market was up at the finish
  3. they were playing better at the close of the season
  Synonym:stopping pointfinalefinisfinishconclusionclose

verb

• continue to live through hardship or adversity
  1. We went without water and food for 3 days
  2. These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
  3. The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents
  4. how long can a person last without food and water?
  Synonym:survivelivelive ongoendurehold uphold out
• persist for a specified period of time
  1. The bad weather lasted for three days
  Synonym:endure

adj

• occurring at the time of death
  1. his last words
  2. the last rites
• lowest in rank or importance
  1. last prize
  2. in last place
  Synonym:last-placelowest
• not to be altered or undone
  1. the judge's decision is final
  2. the arbiter will have the last say
  Synonym:final
• occurring at or forming an end or termination
  1. his concluding words came as a surprise
  2. the final chapter
  3. the last days of the dinosaurs
  4. terminal leave
  Synonym:concludingfinalterminal
• coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining
  1. the last time I saw Paris
  2. the last day of the month
  3. had the last word
  4. waited until the last minute
  5. he raised his voice in a last supreme call
  6. the last game of the season
  7. down to his last nickel
• highest in extent or degree
  1. to the last measure of human endurance
  2. whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
  Synonym:utmost
• most unlikely or unsuitable
  1. the last person we would have suspected
  2. the last man they would have chosen for the job
• conclusive in a process or progression
  1. the final answer
  2. a last resort
  3. the net result
  Synonym:finalnet

adv

• most_recently
  1. I saw him last in London
• the item at the end
  1. last, I'll discuss family values
  Synonym:lastlyin conclusionfinally

双语例句

• It was the dog he'd heard the night before last
  他前晚听到的是狗叫声。
• Last month a shopkeeper's nephew was shot dead
  上个月一名店主的侄子被枪杀了。
• At the last count inflation was 10.9 per cent
  最近一次统计显示通胀率为10.9%。
• A gentleman to the last, he did not run, but merely attempted to stroll away
  他始终保持绅士风度，没有拔脚就跑，只是试图移步走开。
• I'm so glad that we've found you at last!
  我们终于找到你了，我真是太高兴了！
• It is not surprising they did so badly in last year's elections.
  他们在去年选举中如此糟糕的表现并不奇怪。
• This is his last chance as prime minister.
  这是他作为首相的最后机会。
• The last I heard, Joe and Irene were still happily married.
  我最近一次听说时，乔和艾琳仍然是一对快乐的夫妻。
• The marriage had lasted for less than two years
  这段婚姻维持了不到两年。
• I split up with my last boyfriend three years ago
  我3年前和前任男友分的手。