foul

英 [faʊl]

美 [faʊl]

adj.  肮脏恶臭的; 难闻的; 很令人不快的; 很坏的; 充满脏话的; 辱骂性的; 下流的
v.  对(对手)犯规; 击(球)出界; (通常用废物)弄脏，污染
n.  犯规

现在分词：fouling　过去分词：fouled　过去式：fouled　复数：fouls　最高级：foulest　第三人称单数：fouls　比较级：fouler　

CET6考研TOEFLIELTSGRETEM8

Collins.2 / BNC.6849 / COCA.7712

同义词辨析

dirtydustyfoul【导航词义：脏的】

短语用例

foul up

• 大量出错；搞糟
  to make a lot of mistakes; to do sth badly
  1. foul air/breath
     污浊难闻的空气 / 气息
  2. a foul-smelling prison
     臭烘烘的监狱

foul sth↔up

• 把…搞糟；弄乱
  to spoil sth, especially by doing sth wrong
  1. foul language
     脏话
  2. I'm sick of her foul mouth (= habit of swearing) .
     我讨厌她一开口就骂人的那张臭嘴。
  3. He called her the foulest names imaginable.
     他用最下流的话骂她。

习惯用语

adj.

fall foul of sb/sth
• （因做错事或不法行为）与…发生麻烦，与…产生纠葛，冒犯
  to get into trouble with a person or an organization because of doing sth wrong or illegal
• to fall foul of the law
  触犯了法律
by fair means or foul
• 不择手段
  using dishonest methods if honest ones do not work
cry foul
• 抱怨；埋怨
  to complain that sb else has done sth wrong or unfair

牛津词典

adj.

• 肮脏恶臭的；难闻的
  dirty and smelling bad
  1. foul air/breath
     污浊难闻的空气 / 气息
  2. a foul-smelling prison
     臭烘烘的监狱
• 很令人不快的；很坏的
  very unpleasant; very bad
  1. She's in a foul mood .
     她的情绪很糟。
  2. His boss has a foul temper .
     他的老板脾气很坏。
  3. This tastes foul.
     这个味道很差。
• 充满脏话的；辱骂性的；下流的
  including rude words and swearing
  1. foul language
     脏话
  2. I'm sick of her foul mouth (= habit of swearing) .
     我讨厌她一开口就骂人的那张臭嘴。
  3. He called her the foulest names imaginable.
     他用最下流的话骂她。
• 恶劣的；风雨交加的
  very bad, with strong winds and rain
  1. a foul night
     风雨交加的夜晚
• 邪恶的；残忍的
  very evil or cruel
  1. a foul crime/murder
     邪恶的罪行；恶毒的谋杀

verb

• 对（对手）犯规
  to do sth to another player that is against the rules of the game
  1. He was fouled inside the penalty area.
     在罚球区内对方队员对他犯规。
• 击（球）出界
  to hit the ball outside the playing area
• （通常用废物）弄脏，污染
  to make sth dirty, usually with waste material
  1. Do not permit your dog to foul the grass.
     禁止狗在草地便溺。
• （被）缠住
  to become caught or twisted in sth and stop it working or moving
  1. The rope fouled the propeller.
     绳索缠住了螺旋桨。
  2. A rope fouled up (= became twisted) as we pulled the sail down.
     我们收帆时有一根绳索缠住了。

noun

• 犯规
  an action that is against the rules of the game
  1. It was a clear foul by Ford on the goalkeeper.
     这明显是福特对守门员犯规。
  2. to hit a foul (= in baseball , a ball that is too far left or right, outside the lines that mark the side of the field)
     （棒球）击球出界

柯林斯词典

• ADJ-GRADED 难吃的;肮脏的;恶臭的
  If you describe something asfoul, you mean it is dirty and smells or tastes unpleasant.
  1. ...foul polluted water...
     恶臭的脏水
  2. The smell was quite foul.
     臭气熏天。
• ADJ-GRADED (言语)粗俗的，冒犯的
  Foullanguage is offensive and contains swear words or rude words.
  1. He was sent off for using foul language in a match last Sunday...
     他在上周日的一场比赛中因为骂人而被罚下场。
  2. He had a foul mouth.
     他爱说脏话。
• ADJ-GRADED 易怒的;暴躁的
  If someone has afoultemper or is in afoulmood, they become angry or violent very suddenly and easily.
  1. Collins was in a foul mood even before the interviews began.
     柯林斯在采访还没开始时就暴躁不安起来。
• (天气)恶劣的，多风的，有暴风雨的
  Foulweather is unpleasant, windy, and stormy.
• VERB 弄脏;弄污;污染
  If a placeis fouledby someone or something, they make it dirty.
  1. A village's entire beach and harbor can be fouled by a single rotting whale...
     一只腐烂的死鲸就足以弄脏一个村子的整片海滩和港口。
  2. Two oil-related accidents near Los Angeles have fouled the ocean and the skies there.
     发生在洛杉矶附近的两起漏油事故已经污染了那里的海洋和天空。
• VERB (动物拉屎)弄脏
  If an animalfoulsa place, it drops faeces onto the ground.
  1. It is an offence to let your dog foul a footpath.
     让狗在人行道上拉屎是违法行为。
• VERB (使)绞住;(使)缠住
  If a machine or vehiclefoulspart of its mechanism or if something such as a ropefoulsthe mechanism, the mechanism can no longer work properly because something has become twisted or knotted around it.
  1. The freighter fouled its propeller in fishing nets.
     货船的螺旋桨被渔网缠住了。
• VERB 对…犯规
  In a game or sport, if a playerfoulsanother player, they touch them or block them in a way which is not allowed according to the rules.
  1. Middlesbrough's Jimmy Phillips was sent off for fouling Steve Tilson.
     米德尔斯堡队的吉米·菲利普斯因为对史蒂夫·蒂尔森犯规而被罚下场。
• N-COUNT 犯规
  Afoulis an act in a game or sport that is not allowed according to the rules.
  1. He picked up his first booking for a 45th-minute foul on Bull.
     他因为在比赛进行到第 45 分钟时对公牛队犯规而被第一次记名警告。
  2. Foulis also an adjective.
     
  3. ...a foul tackle.
     犯规的擒抱动作
• PHRASE 声明对手犯规;声称对手违法
  If youcry foul, you claim that someone, especially an opponent or rival, has acted illegally or unfairly.
  1. Deprived of the crushing victory it was confidently expecting, the party cried foul.
     失去了自以为十拿九稳的压倒性胜利，该政党声称对手违规。
• PHRASE 不择手段地;采取一切手段地
  If someone tries to achieve somethingby fair means or foul, they use every means possible in order to achieve it, and they do not care if their behaviour is dishonest or unfair.
  1. They will only be satisfied if they regain control —by fair means or foul.
     只有重新掌权他们才会满意——为此他们将不择手段。
• PHRASE 惹恼;触怒
  If youfall foul ofsomeone orrun foul ofthem, you do something which gets you into trouble with them.
  1. He had fallen foul of the FBI.
     他已经惹恼了联邦调查局。
  2. ...teenagers who run foul of the law.
     触犯法律的青少年
• PHRASAL VERB 搞砸;弄糟
  If youfoul upsomething such as a plan, you spoil it by doing something wrong or stupid.
  1. There are serious risks that laboratories may foul up these tests.
     实验室很有可能搞砸这些试验。

英英释义

noun

• an act that violates the rules of a sport

verb

• become soiled and dirty
• make unclean
  1. foul the water
• spot, stain, or pollute
  1. The townspeople defiled the river by emptying raw sewage into it
  Synonym:befouldefilemaculate
• make impure
  1. The industrial wastes polluted the lake
  Synonym:pollutecontaminate
• commit a foul
• hit a foul ball
• become or cause to become obstructed
  1. The leaves clog our drains in the Fall
  2. The water pipe is backed up
  Synonym:clogchoke offclog upback upcongestchoke

adj

• especially of a ship's lines etc
  1. with its sails afoul
  2. a foul anchor
  Synonym:afoul(ip)fouled
• disgustingly dirty
  1. as filthy as a pigsty
  2. a foul pond
  3. a nasty pigsty of a room
  Synonym:filthynasty
• characterized by obscenity
  1. had a filthy mouth
  2. foul language
  3. smutty jokes
  Synonym:cruddyfilthynastysmutty
• (of a baseball) not hit between the foul lines
• violating accepted standards or rules
  1. a dirty fighter
  2. used foul means to gain power
  3. a nasty unsporting serve
  4. fined for unsportsmanlike behavior
  Synonym:cheating(a)dirtyunsportingunsportsmanlike
• offensively malodorous
  1. a foul odor
  2. the kitchen smelled really funky
  Synonym:fetidfoetidfoul-smellingfunkynoisomesmellystinkingill-scented
• (of a manuscript) defaced with changes
  1. foul (or dirty) copy
  Synonym:dirtymarked-up
• highly offensive
  1. a disgusting smell
  2. distasteful language
  3. a loathsome disease
  4. the idea of eating meat is repellent to me
  5. revolting food
  6. a wicked stench
  Synonym:disgustingdisgustfuldistastefulloathlyloathsomerepellentrepellantrepellingrevoltingskankywickedyucky

双语例句

• Local detectives have ruled out foul play.
  当地的侦探已经排除了他杀的可能性。
• Players were warned twice for foul play.
  运动员们因为犯规动作被警告了两次。
• There are serious risks that laboratories may foul up these tests.
  实验室很有可能搞砸这些试验。
• The play was full of filthy foul language.
  这部戏充斥着猥亵粗俗的语言。
• The smell was quite foul.
  臭气熏天。
• Steve Vickers was yellow-carded for a foul on Hunt.
  史蒂夫·维克斯因对亨特犯规被出示黄牌。
• He had fallen foul of the FBI.
  他已经惹恼了联邦调查局。
• He was in a foul mood because he had been stood up.
  他因女友爽约而心情不好。
• Once you have eliminated the obvious causes of death, you must consider the possibility of foul play.
  一旦排除了明显的死因，你就必须考虑到可能有人采取了卑劣手段。
• Wellor let out a foul oath and hurled himself upon him.
  韦勒骂了一句粗话，然后向他猛扑过去。