backwardness

英 [ˈbækwədnəs]

美 [ˈbækwərdnəs]

n.  落后状况

医学

BNC.23144 / COCA.22947

牛津词典

noun

• 落后状况
  the state of having made less progress than normal

柯林斯词典

In American English,backwardis usually used as an adverb instead ofbackwards.Backwardis also sometimes used in this way in formal British English. Seebackwardsfor these uses.
美国英语通常将backward用作副词，而不用backwards。正式的英国英语中有时也有这种用法。此类用法参见backwards。

• ADJ 向后的，往后的（一些人亦使用backwards)
  Abackwardmovement or look is in the direction that your back is facing. Some people usebackwardsfor this meaning.
  1. He unlocked the door of apartment two and disappeared inside after a backward glance at Larry...
     他打开2号公寓的门，回头瞥了拉里一眼，然后就进了房间。
  2. He did a backward flip.
     他做了一个后空翻。
• ADJ 倒退的；不进反退的
  If someone takes abackwardstep, they do something that does not change or improve their situation, but causes them to go back a stage.
  1. At a certain age, it's not viable for men to take a backward step into unskilled work...
     到了一定的年龄，就不可能再退回去干不需要技能的工作。
  2. Many dentists will no longer treat National Health Service patients, which is a big backward step in this country.
     许多牙医不再为依靠国民保健制度的病人看病，这是该国的一大倒退。
• ADJ-GRADED 落后的
  Abackwardcountry or society does not have modern industries and machines.
  1. We need to accelerate the pace of change in our backward country.
     我们应当为落后的祖国加快变革的脚步。
• ADJ-GRADED 迟钝的；学习吃力的
  Abackwardchild has difficulty in learning.
  1. ...research into teaching techniques to help backward children...
     关于帮助落后孩子的教学方法研究
  2. I was slow to walk and talk and my parents thought I was backward.
     我学走路和说话都很慢，所以我父母以为我很迟钝。

英英释义

noun

• lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
  Synonym:retardationmental retardationslownesssubnormality

双语例句

• The mold materials and mold-related technological backwardness;
  模具材料及模具相关技术落后；
• Humiliating situation for this reason, the western capitalist powers on the one hand, China's aggression, on the other hand, the backwardness of China's social system.
  造成这种屈辱局面的原因，一方面是西方资本主义列强对中国的侵略，另一方面是中国社会制度的落后。
• If you think of backwardness, you fell behind.
  如果你想到落后，你就落后了。
• Study the Advantage of Backwardness in the North Jiangsu Province and Find Ways to Carry It into Effect;
  分析了西部地区信息资源建设的后发优势和后发劣势，探讨了加速西部信息资源建设的途径。
• She is now experiencing earth-shaking changes in a shift from Medieval extreme backwardness to modernization.
  她正经历着从极端落后的中世纪状况逐步走向现代化的天翻地覆的变化。
• At that time, I had a deep sense of the poverty, backwardness and feebleness of old China.
  对旧中国的贫困落后和国势衰败有着深刻感受。
• We are struggling with backwardness.
  我们正在和落后现象作斗争。
• The South wants to shake off its poverty and backwardness, and the North needs a developed South.
  南方要改变贫困和落后，北方也需要南方发展。
• Seclusion and exclusion can only lead to stagnation and backwardness.
  封闭、排他只会导致僵化和落后。
• These countries continue to enjoy what the economist Alexander Gerschenkron called "advantages of backwardness".
  这些国家继续享有经济学家亚历山大？格申克龙（alexandergerschenkron）所称的“后发优势”。